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Dry Film Lubricants: Dry film
lubricants, also known as solid film lubricants, provide a lubricating film
that reduces friction, inhibits galling and seizing and in some instances can
aid in dispersing heat. The appearance is generally a charcoal gray and takes
on a sheen upon burnishing. They are slippery and provide an extremely low
coefficient of friction.
The dry
film lubricants will burnish until they are no longer visible to the eye
however, these lubricants have been impregnated into the microscopic pores
of the metals during the application process and are still providing
protection. They are
applied at thickness ranging from .0005 to .0015. However, before assembly
the coating may be burnished back to less than .0002 with gentle buffing
using " Scotchbright" or similar material. NO
CHANGES need to be made in clearances due to the use of these
coatings. In many instances because of the reduced part temperature and
increased lubrication tighter clearances may be run.
Performance type coatings fall into four general
categories they are:
1) Dry Film lubricants
2) Thermal Barriers
3) Thermal Dispersants
4) Corrosion and Chemical
Resistant
It should be noted that some coatings would fall into more than one
category. You might have, as an example, a Corrosion Inhibitor that is also
a Thermal dispersants The following information will provide a general
overview on coatings falling into these categories.
The two most important components
are the binders and lubricating ingredients. Without a good binder the
coating will not stay in place and will simply cold flow or buff off in
operation. Similar coatings using the same pigments but different binding
systems can show a wide variation in load carrying abilities, ranging from
100,000 psi to over 350,000 psi. The pigments determine the actual
lubricating potential. PTFE, as an example, is listed as having the lowest
coefficient of friction (COE). However, under high speed and load, the COE
of PTFE degrades while that of mos2 (moly) improves, until it is
significantly better than PTFE Selecting the proper ingredients can make
or break a coating.
The above categories are only general and
give the most common characteristics desired Additional coatings can either,
shed or retain oil, provide flame retardancy, deter dissimilar metal reaction,
harden a part or provide a conforming film to tighten clearances, build up
surfaces to restore clearance, and more.
One of the obvious reasons for using a
lubricating coating is to reduce friction, which improves wear, extends part life
and frees up HP normally lost to friction. A second major benefit is a
reduction in part temperature. This is especially important to such parts as
valve springs. Here the pigment choice is critical as certain ingredients can
trap heat in a part. Not all coating are created equal It is recommended
by TECH LINE that coatings using PTFE be avoided in these cases
Contact our TECH DEPT before choosing a dry film lubricant if you are not
sure.
Thermal Barrier Coatings:
Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC’s) are
designed to reduce the movement of heat. In some instances, such as exhaust
systems, you want to keep the heat within the part. In combustion chambers you
want to use the heat generated by combustion to push down on the piston rather
that bleed off into surrounding surfaces. Due to continued testing we are
framing that simple thermal barrier action is not the only characteristic that
is important. In fact certain TBC’s will move an engine into detonation. TBC
coatings can be made from a variety of materials. Ceramics get the most
attention, though there are other materials that are superior in specific
applications. The proper choice is critical to the overall function of the
coating.
Thermal dispersants:
Being able to move and control heat is
of tremendous importance. Excessive temperature can lead to metal fatigue,
boiling fluids, damaging metal expansion, reduce electrical efficiency and a
host of other problems. Traditionally dealing with heat has been handled
either by expanding the radiating-surface, constructing parts from materials
that are more heat conductive and using the color black. With advances in
thermal management methods additional ways of enhancing heat transfer now
exist. Individual products such as Thermal dispersants (TLTD), can be utilized
by themselves or in conjunction with other coatings to manage the flow of
heat. TLTD is capable of transferring heat faster than the bare metal surface.
While TLTD does make use of the color black, TLTD is more than a simple black
body heat emitting coating. TLTD includes ingredients that also contribute to
increased heat flow. Combining these properties with increased corrosion
protection and the thin film application technique maximizes thermal transfer
capabilities. Effective on brakes, intake manifolds, cylinder heads, oil pans,
radiators, intercoolers and more.
Certain Dry Film lubricants are capable
of reducing part temperature not only through the reduction of friction but
also through increased thermal flow. The active ingredients accelerate the
movement of heat. This is especially beneficial on valve springs where excess
heat can lead to accelerated fatigue and in some instance breakage.
Corrosion and Chemical inhibiting
Coatings
The loss of effectiveness, reduction in
part life and deteriorating appearance due to corrosion/chemical damage is of
real concern. Loosing a well matched/tuned header to rust is not only
expensive, but also frustrating. A good aluminum manifold can become junk if
the water inlet area corrodes excessively. Keeping components clean and
attractive is of concern when promoting your vehicle or the parts you
manufacture to potential sponsors or customers. Thermal Tech offers
a variety of protective coatings that also enhance the appearance of a
part. Many of these coatings will have additional benefits such as Thermal
Barrier or Thermal Dispersants capabilities.
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